Moreover, many of the Convention’s provisions are now regarded as customary international law, applicable in all conflicts. ![]() But they contain some rules for non-international conflicts, and many states have also signed an “optional protocol” on the protection of civilians in non-international armed conflict. The Geneva Conventions were written for international armed conflicts. Most conflicts now are internal – fought between the armed forces of a national government and one or more non-state armed groups. They involve more armed groups, and these groups are often radicalised and loosely structured, making them hard to deal with. They kill more civilians, and are harder to resolve. Wars today are more numerous, complex, protracted and violent than before. ![]() ![]() Contempt breeds contempt, and this increasing tendency to flout the law prompts others to do the same – even those we don’t typically regard as rogue states.
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